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Independence Day: Declaring a Nation's Freedom

Independence Day, the 4th of July, is a celebration of the United States declaring freedom from rule under Great Britain. This day is a national holiday and goes hand-in-hand with family gatherings, fireworks, picnics and barbeques. Special revelries such as parades, patriotic ceremonies, sporting events and regional festivities also commemorate the 4th of July.

Independence Day History: Facts and Figures
Basic U.S. history lessons detail why Independence Day is celebrated on the 4th of July. Historical facts abound about the forefathers who were responsible for signing the Declaration of Independence. They drafted this missive for one reason: Britain was taxing the 13 colonies without benefit of representation. The Declaration, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, was developed over the course of several weeks. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted a final, official version of the Declaration of Independence.

There were no celebrations on July 4, 1776, nor was there much news about the Declaration until its first public reading on July 8. Records state that on July 4, 1776, only John Hancock signed the Declaration, which was witnessed at the time by Secretary Charles Thompson. In those days, the 56 people who ultimately signed the Declaration were putting their lives on the line for America, as England's King George III declared their signatures an act of treason and promised death sentences.

Independence Day: Traditions and Celebrations
John Adams, a founding father and the second president of the United States, made the first written pronouncement to his wife that Independence Day celebrations were in order. His letter reflected the country's sentiments that the 4th of July was a "day of deliverance" to be surrounded with "pomp and parade" as well as other festivities.

Fourth of July celebrations began in 1777 in a limited fashion. On July 4, 1777, Congress adjourned and the streets of Philadelphia were ablaze with bonfires and festivities. Decorated ships hovered in the harbor and 13-gun salutes rang throughout the city. Over the course of many years, this special day received recognition across the country. At the end of the Revolutionary War with Britain in 1783, revelers took Independence Day celebrations to a new level. It garnered further attention following the War of 1812.

Fourth of July Events and Landmarks
Through the decades, certain patriotic images have become associated with the 4th of July. These include singing "The Star Spangled Banner" and raising the flag in honor of independence.

Historically, landmarks and events also remain significantly tied to July 4, including:

  • The Liberty Bell received its name from its belated inscription, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof."
  • On July 4, 1848, officials laid the cornerstone for the Washington Monument. This signatory piece of architecture contains a copy of the Declaration of Independence and a likeness of George Washington.
  • In 1876, the Statue of Liberty's torch-holding hand arrived in time for a July 4 unveiling in Philadelphia. The remainder of the statue came to the U.S. in 1884.
Fireworks: The Fourth of July Grand Finale
Mystery remains behind the history of fireworks. Some say they originated in China, and some guess that Arabia may hold that honor. Whatever the case, fireworks were popular in Europe, and they became equally as popular in the U.S.

In many parts of the country today, grand fireworks displays in celebration of Independence Day draw huge crowds. Cities and small towns light up the night sky with varying degrees of dramatic and colorful explosions.

The brightly lit sky, often an amazing mix of reds, whites and blues, marks the official end to a day filled with family and friends, along with baseball, hot dogs, apple pie and music.

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