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Halloween: Spooky Traditions and Ghoulish History

Halloween traditions conjure up spooky images of witches, ghosts, glowing pumpkins and trick-or-treaters haunting homes every October 31. However, the history behind this fun day remains steeped in legends and waves of controversy. Here are the facts on the history of Halloween.

Halloween History
Approximately 2,000 years ago, the Celts celebrated their New Year, known as Samhain, on the first of November. During this festival, they celebrated the end of summer as well as the harvest and prepared for the winter.

This was a meaningful and often frightening time for the Celts, as they believed that the lines separating the living from the dead were diminished on Samhain. The Celts believed that on New Year's Eve, the dead returned to Earth and wreaked havoc on the world of the living. To hide from the spirits, the Celts wore costumes made from animal heads and skins.

During Samhain, all hearth fires were extinguished to darken the villages, and the Druids (Celtic priests) built bonfires for the pagans to burn crops and animals in sacrifice to the Celtic Gods. After the celebration, the people lit torches from the bonfire and used them to relight the hearths in their homes.

Consequently, the costumes and ghosts of our modern Halloween traditions are rooted in the traditions of Samhain. Over the centuries, these early Halloween traditions became more and more layered. For instance, in the 800s, Pope Boniface IV proclaimed the first day of November to be All Saint's Day, or All-Hallows Day. Thus, October 31 became All-Hallows Eve, which later would become Halloween.

Tricks and Treats in Halloween History
Many historians believe that the modern-day tradition of trick-or-treating is rooted in a ninth-century European tradition called souling. When All Souls Day, which was celebrated on November 2, came into being, people would prepare soul cakes, which they handed out to beggars. In exchange for the soul cakes, the beggars would pray for the souls of the treat givers' deceased family members and friends. Today, of course, children collect candy rather than soul cakes. And, instead of offering prayers, trick-or-treaters spare givers from tricks.

The History of Halloween Jack O' Lanterns
What we think of as jack o' lanterns actually started out as carved turnips. According to an Irish legend, a gentleman named Stingy Jack struck a bargain with the devil and then reneged. Upon his death, Jack wasn't allowed into Heaven because of his deals with the devil, and he wasn't allowed into Hell due to the fact that he once tricked the devil. Without a resting place, Jack was left to wander the Earth. To light his way, he placed a candle in a carved turnip.

The Day of the Dead
The Day of the Dead dates back more than 3,000 years to the ancient Aztecs, who celebrated the holiday on November 1. Although the Day of the Dead is filled with ghouls and skeletal images and may appear to be scary, the festival is actually happy and is a time of great celebration and joy.

The Day of the Dead, or Día de los Muertos, is an honored and deeply cultural tradition in the Americas and other parts of the world. Families in smaller communities take gifts to cemeteries and have feasts near the graves. In cosmopolitan areas, homes become altars in honor of the dead.

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